2013년 11월 25일 월요일

About 'rn bsn'|A&M-Central Texas to hold RN to BSN Nursing Program Information Session Today







About 'rn bsn'|A&M-Central Texas to hold RN to BSN Nursing Program Information Session Today








It's               easy               to               overlook               medical               problems               that               affect               an               extremely               small               number               of               people.

After               all,               it               has               not               made               any               headlines               in               health               news.

Unless               you're               a               medical               professional               you               may               not               have               even               heard               about               the               bacteria               called               Clostridium               sordellii.

According               to               the               New               England               Journal               of               Medicine,               10               cases               were               positively               identified               for               C.

sordellii.

The               bacteria               are               anaerobes               which               means               they               lives               in               an               oxygen-free               environment.

C.

sordellii               is               found               in               the               vagina               of               some               women               and               is               usually               asymptomatic.

However,               when               it               causes               infection               it               can               affect               the               reproductive               tract,               cardiovascular               or               musculoskeletal               system.

Neonates               can               also               become               infected               during               delivery               and               develop               TSS.

The               manner               in               which               C.

sordellii               causes               disease               or               its               means               of               transmission               remains               unclear.

Other               Clostridium               species               have               been               known               to               spread               via               contaminated               objects               (fomites)               or               from               person-to-person.

However,               when               there               is               an               infection               problems               such               as               endometritis,               sepsis               and               TSS               (toxic               shock               syndrome)               may               occur.
               Endometritis               refers               to               the               inflammation               or               irritation               of               the               uterine               lining.

This               occurs               most               commonly               because               of               infections.

Endometritis               can               also               be               caused               by               childbirth,               gynecological               procedures               or               the               use               of               an               intrauterine               device               (IUD).

Women               usually               experience               abdominal               discomfort,               abnormal               bleeding               or               discharge.

Antibiotics               are               sufficient               to               treat               this               problem.

However,               if               left               untreated               it               can               lead               to               serious               infection               and               other               complications               such               as               infertility,               septic               shock               or               pelvic               infection.
               Sepsis               is               also               called               systemic               inflammatory               response               syndrome               (SIRS)               and               is               life-threatening               without               immediate               care.

In               sepsis               the               body               is               usually               responding               to               an               infection.

However,               the               body's               immune               system               usually               overreacts               to               the               infection               causing               the               blood               to               become               overwhelmed               with               cells               working               to               combat               the               infection.

This               results               in               clot               formation               and               the               blockage               of               blood               vessels.

Obstructed               vessels               lead               to               a               lack               of               oxygenated               blood               to               organs               in               the               body.

Without               quick               diagnosis               and               treatment               the               prognosis               for               survival               is               low.

More               than               one               third               of               people               with               sepsis               die               from               it.

Although               healthy               people               have               been               reported               to               have               this               problem,               it               usually               affects               babies,               the               elderly               and               people               with               a               weakened               immune               system.

Treatment               usually               involves               hospitalization               with               the               administration               of               I.V.

fluids               and               antibiotics.
               Toxic               Shock               Syndrome               (TSS)               is               most               commonly               associated               with               the               bacteria               Staphylococcus.

In               TSS,               the               bacteria               release               toxins               causing               patients               to               experience               fever,               rash,               hypotension,               vomiting               and               diarrhea.

Risks               for               developing               TSS               are               menstruation,               prolonged               use               of               tampons,               usage               of               foreign               substances               to               stop               nose               bleeds               and               childbirth.

Treatment               includes               maintaining               normal               blood               pressure,               I.V.

fluids               and               antibiotics.

The               association               of               C.

sordellii               and               TSS               is               not               really               clear.

However,               TSS               induced               by               this               Clostridium               species               is               fulminant               and               usually               fatal.
               Pregnancies,               childbirth,               spontaneous               or               induced               abortion               may               lead               to               infection               because               cervical               dilation               allows               the               bacteria               to               travel               into               the               body.

It               has               been               suggested               that               the               toxic               effects               of               C.

sordellii               may               be               due               to               the               acidic               environment               of               the               vagina.

Of               the               10               reported               cases,               8               occurred               after               childbirth,               1               happened               after               a               medical               abortion               and               1               was               not               associated               with               pregnancy               at               all.

It               has               been               shown               that               29%               of               women               who               have               had               medical               abortions               tested               positive               for               C.

sordellii.

Whereas,               5%-10%               of               women               who               were               not               pregnant               had               signs               of               bacterial               infection               found               in               their               vaginal               fluid.

Unfortunately,               at               this               time               there               is               no               statistical               information               on               either               pregnant               women               or               mothers               who               have               recently               delivered               regarding               the               presence               of               bacteria.
               Signs               and               symptoms               associated               with               C.

sordellii               infection               were               similar               to               sepsis               and               TSS.

Patients               may               present               with               hypotension,               tachycardia,               abdominal               pain,               vomiting,               diarrhea,               weakness               and               high               amounts               of               white               blood               cells               (leukocytosis).

Surprisingly,               it               was               noted               that               none               of               the               women               presented               with               fever.

Fever               is               a               sign               that               is               usually               indicative               of               sepsis.
               The               Center               for               Disease               Control               and               Prevention               conducted               a               mortality-related               study               and               has               found               that               5               women               have               died               from               infection               since               2001.

These               women               were               administered               oral               mifepristone               (RU-486)               and               intravaginal               misoprostol               for               medical               abortions.

However,               the               FDA               has               not               found               any               links               between               these               drugs               and               the               infection.
               Although               a               rare               occurrence,               both               postpartum               and               postabortion               patients               need               to               be               aware               of               the               symptoms               associated               with               this               infection.

Seeking               medical               help               immediately               if               abdominal               pain               or               flu-like               symptoms               develop               is               important               because               doctors               can               identify               the               infection               and               treat               it               with               antibiotics.

Early               detection               improves               a               patient's               chances               for               recovery               and               your               doctor               can               notify               the               CDC               and               local               health               department               of               this               incident.

This               will               help               to               track               of               the               number               of               incidents               and               gain               more               information               about               the               infection.

If               the               infection               occurred               after               an               abortion               then               the               FDA's               MedWatch               would               also               be               informed.

The               collection               of               information               by               the               FDA               would               help               to               begin               drawing               conclusions               regarding               any               causal               associations               between               abortive               drugs               and               C.

sordellii               infection.
               Sources:               Michelle               Snow,               RN,               BSN,               MSHR,               MSPH,               "On               alert               for               postpartum               C.

sordellii               infection,"               Nursing               2008,               38.1               (2008):               10,               Marc               Fischer,               M.D.,               M.P.H.,               Julu               Bhatnagar,               Ph.D.,               Jeannette               Guarner,               M.D.,               et.

al.,               "Fatal               Toxic               Shock               Syndrome               Associated               with               Clostridium               sordellii               after               Medical               Abortion,"               New               England               Journal               of               Medicine,               353:22               (2005):               2352-2360






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